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__________________________________________________ ________________________ On the eve of the 1941 German invasion of the Soviet Union, there were
670,000 Jews living in Western Belorussia, including refugees who had fled
western Poland after the German invasion of 1939. By the end of June the
Germans were in control of the region. The local population initiated a series
of pogroms. The Germans themselves launched a wave of aktionen, in which
Einstzgruppen units murdered 40 percent of the region's Jews. They were
shot to death in pits near their cities and towns, and were immediately buried
in these mass graves. This first group of aktionen lasted from July--December
1941;
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