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04-18-2012, 09:25 AM
Resident recalls days of working for CIA in Moscow, dramatic KGB arrest

By Ben Steelman (http://www.starnewsonline.com/personalia/bsteelman)
[email protected]

Published: Sunday, April 15, 2012 at 12:30 a.m.
http://www.starnewsonline.com/apps/pbcsi.dll/bilde?Site=WM&Date=20120415&Category=ARTICLES&ArtNo=120419846&Ref=AR&MaxW=250&border=0 Paul Stephen
Martha Peterson, local resident and retired CIA case officer whose eventful career includes being arrested by the KGB in Moscow, has penned the book 'The Widow Spy.'


On June 13, 1978, Martha D. Peterson was world famous.
She didn't like it.
There she was, on the cover of the Washington Post, photographed in Moscow's Lubyanka Prison, sitting beside a State Department representative, charged with spying for the Central Intelligence Agency.
Izvestia, the Moscow newspaper, had broken the story, clearly on orders from the Soviet government, detailing how Peterson had been arrested by agents of the KGB, the Soviet spy agency, on a railroad bridge in Moscow.
"I watched all the news channels," Peterson recalled. "It isn't a good place for someone who doesn't want to be in the spotlight."
‘The Widow Spy'
In a 32-year career as a CIA case officer, Peterson deliberately avoided the spotlight. She stepped back into the shadows after the affair blew over, serving quietly in increasingly responsible positions until her retirement in 2003.
Now, however, she tells her side of that moment on the bridge in a memoir, "The Widow Spy."
Peterson and her husband, a retired Foreign Service officer, relocated to Wilmington after retirement on the advice of friends, noting the low tax rates and pleasant climate.
"It's a good place to create a life," she said.
It doesn't take much, though, to take her back to Red Square or the Lenin Hills, which she learned well as the CIA's first female case officer to be posted to the Soviet capital.
"It's hard work and a lot of long hours," she said.
Even for a foreigner with diplomatic privileges and a car, Russia was a tough place to live under Communism. Moscow winters were cold, and the nights were long. Stores had long lines for the few goods available. Most vegetables disappeared from the stores during the winter; Peterson had to make do with cabbage and the occasional frozen dishes the U.S. embassy could ship in.
Telephones would ring in the middle of the night, with no one on the other end. Americans suspected it might have been a harassment technique. The Soviets bombarded the U.S. embassy with microwave radiation, apparently to jam American electronic devices. Many of Peterson's colleagues later developed serious cancers and died, possibly as a result of high exposure.
Social contacts were limited; one of Peterson's few refuges was the Marine Guards' bar at the embassy.
"We knew, if World War III broke out, we were toast," she said.
The road to Moscow
Reaching Moscow had been a long, twisting road for a girl who grew up in Darien, Conn., the daughter of an Avon executive. Her childhood had been taken up with Girl Scouts, skating and piano and ballet lessons.
At Drew University in the 1960s, she met John Peterson, a charming physics major who dreamed of becoming a journalist. With the Vietnam War on, however, John chose to enlist in the Army and to volunteer for Special Forces. While he served his tour, she earned a master's degree at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, then taught at a community college near Eden, N.C.
The couple finally married on the day after Christmas 1969, but the war wasn't quite over. Not long after the wedding, John Peterson signed up with the CIA, which deployed him to Laos as an "adviser," leading Laotian militia troops against North Vietnamese supply lines into the south.
On Oct. 19, 1972, he died in a helicopter crash while on a military operation. He was 27.
Now a widow, Marti Peterson had to rethink her life. In Laos, with little else to do in a remote, provincial town, she'd done clerical work part-time in the regional CIA office. Friends in the agency encouraged her to consider working for the CIA full-time. On July 3, 1973 – her late husband's 28th birthday – she entered the agency's Career Training program.
The '70s could be hard for career women. At first, a CIA recruiter tried to steer her into a secretarial post. Another middle-aged officer tried to offer her a post as "girl Friday." Despite a master's degree, she started at a lower federal pay grade than younger male recruits fresh out of college.
In Moscow, however, sexism played to Peterson's advantage. All American embassy employees grew used to being tailed by mysterious Russians wherever they went. The minders seemed less intent on following Peterson, apparently dismissing her as low-level clerical help.
"I got away with murder," she said with a grin.
"The FBI agents got really belligerent when I talked about this at Quantico," she added. "They said, ‘Oh, they were there. You just couldn't see them.'?"
Peterson knew differently, though – and she noted, with a little satisfaction, that her experience made some in the FBI rethink their own procedures for following suspected foreign agents.

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04-18-2012, 09:25 AM
TRIGON
This slight, extra freedom of movement was vital, because Peterson's most important mission was acting as go-between with a Russian code-named "TRIGON."
TRIGON – real name: Aleksandr Dmitryevich Ogorodnik – was a Soviet diplomat recruited by the CIA while he was posted in Bogota, Colombia. Now back in Moscow, Ogorodnik held a sensitive post in the Foreign Ministry, where he had access to secret documents.
The CIA had supplied Ogorodnik a miniature camera to photograph these papers. Now someone had to pick up the results – and to slip Ogorodnik more film and other essentials. (Among other things, Ogorodnik had acquired contact lenses in the West. They were unknown in Russia, and he regularly needed more lens cleaner.)
Enter Marti Peterson. In their 21-month relationship, she and Ogorodnik never met. "We were only passing in the night," she said.
Instead, the two communicated by a series of "dead drops." Ogorodnik would leave film and messages for the Americans in a secluded site, often camouflaged in a used milk carton, a crushed can or even prophylactics. Peterson would follow at a distance, or wait some time, and pick the package up. Later, she would leave follow-up packages for Ogorodnik.
Things worked well until July 15, 1977, when, returning from a drop on a railroad bridge, she spotted three suspicious men in white shirts emerging from a nearby cemetery into her path. Suddenly, a van pulled up. More than dozen other Russians leaped from the back.
Peterson was searched and photographed with the concealment device she'd just dropped off. Then she was rushed to Lubyanka, the feared KGB headquarters. After a three-hour interrogation, in which Peterson said as little as possible, she was released. Following a quick debriefing, her superiors rushed her to an airport and flew her home. In Russia, to this day she remains "persona non grata," an unwelcome alien.
"I can never go back," Peterson said. "Never."
The Soviets would wait a year to break the story.
A career continues
In "The Widow Spy," Peterson tries to set the record straight. Soviet sources tried to claim she had been caught by clever detection. Yulian Semyonov, a Russian writer with ties to intelligence insiders, later fictionalized the case in a 1987 novel, "Tass Is Authorized to Announce."
"It's one of the worst things I ever read," Peterson said.
In fact, Peterson contends, "I wasn't caught – I was ambushed."
Ogorodnik had been betrayed by a Czech double agent in America. Only then did the Soviets set a trap for his American contact.
Arrested and ordered to write his confession, Ogorodnik had managed to remove a poison pill from the tip of a pen the Americans had given him. He swallowed it before his guards realized what was happening.
Peterson remembered how angry her interrogator at the Lubyanka had been when a similar pen was removed from the package she'd tried to deliver from Ogorodnik. It was a giveaway that Ogorodnik was dead – and that he'd managed to take at least some of his secrets with him.
In Peterson's eyes, Ogorodnik was a hero who took enormous risks. "He saw the greater good," she said.
The documents Ogorodnik managed to ship out proved valuable, providing the White House with deep insights to Soviet policy and negotiating positions. According to many historians, Peterson noted, Ogorodnik's revelations were second only to those of Oleg Penkovsky, the Soviet intelligence officer who first alerted the West that the Soviets had placed nuclear missiles in Cuba.
After Moscow, Peterson's CIA career went on. Among other duties, she lectured trainees on what to do if arrested on a foreign assignment. (Sample advice: "Always speak English so you know what you're saying – and remain calm.")
One of her innovations was to put trainees through a simulated arrest and interrogation.
"Part of what you don't know about yourself, until the time comes, is how you'll react in a bad situation," she said.
Peterson eventually married again, having met her future husband when they were both stationed in Moscow. The couple had two children, who didn't learn what Mom's job really was until they were teenagers.
In "The Widow Spy," Peterson acknowledges a debt to author and former Wilmington resident Agnes Macdonald, whose memoir-writing workshop helped her put her memories in order.
Peterson would eventually receive the William J. Donovan Award, an intelligence honor named for the founder of the CIA's predecessor, the OSS, and the George H.W. Bush Award for Excellence in Counter-terrorism – the focus of her last years in the agency.
"I don't think I'll every write anything about that," she added, cryptically.
Ben Steelman: 343-2208




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